matter :Anything that has mass and takes up space.
physical properties:Anything you can observe about an object
by using your senses. Matter is classified by properties: state of
matter, appearance, color, shape, size, texture, magnetic/nonmagnetic,
conductor/insulator, odor, solubility...
solid:A form of matter that takes up a specific amount of space and has a definite shape. Its molecules are tightly packed together.
liquid:A form of matter that has a definite volume but no definite shape. Molecules are more loosely packed and move more freely.
gas:A form of matter that does not have a definite shape or a definite volume. Molecules move most freely.
melting process:Occurs when heat energy is applied and energy increases. When heat is applied, a solid turns to a liquid.
evaporation process:Occurs when more heat is applied; again
energy increases and therefore, molecules move more rapidly. When heat
is applied, a liquid turns to a gas.
condensation process:Occurs when molecules are cooled, condense
and energy is lost. When cooled, a gas turns to a liquid. Clouds, dew,
water droplets on the outside of a glass on a hot day are caused by
condensation.
freezing process:Occurs when molecules are cooled even more, and more energy is lost. When cooled even more, a liquid turns to a solid.
plasma:A form of matter that, like gas, has no definite shape nor definite volume. Common forms of plasma include stars and neon signs.
mass:The measure of how much matter is contained in an object.
weight:The measure of the force (pull) of gravity between the Earth and an object.
density:A measure of how tightly packed matter is. The more matter that gets packed into the same amount of space, the more dense it is.
volume:The amount of space matter takes up.
boiling point:Refers to the temperature at which it
boils; every substance has its own constant boiling point. Waters
boiling point is 100C/212F.
melting point:Refers to the temperature at which it
melts; every substance has its own constant melting point. Waters (ice)
melting point is 0C/32F.
freezing point:Refers to the temperature at which it
freezes; every substance has its own constant boiling point. Waters
freezing point is 0C/32F.
grams or kilograms
Mass is measured in these metric units.
celsius
Metric unit for measuring temperature; on
this scale water freezes at zero and boils at 100. A Swedish astronomer
devised the centigrade thermometer, (1701-1744).
fahrenheit
A scale and unit of measurement for
temperature. It has been replaced in most countries by the Celsius
scale. A German physicist invented the mercury thermometer and developed
the scale of temperature that bears his name, (1686-1736).
scale
A tool used to measure weight.
graduated cylinder
A tool used to measure volume and density.
temperature
The measure of the amount of heat energy in the atmosphere.
physical state
The forms matter can be found in; examples are solid, liquid, and gas.
substance
Matter that has a uniform and unchanging composition.
balance scale
The balance scale is a tool used to measure the amount of mass in an object.
